Introduction:
Latest CNN News:Scarlet fever is a disease caused by exotoxin released by Streptococcus pyogenes. Once one of the leading causes of death, it is now effectively treated with antibiotics. The concept can be used interchangeably with scarlet fever scarlet fever, but it is often used for less severe form of scarlet fever, which is often since the beginning of the twentieth century give to see.
History: Husband and wife, Gladys Henry Dick, Dick, and George Frederick developed a vaccine in 1924, later in the shadow of penicillin in the 1940s.
Symptoms:
• neck pain • Fever • Tongue with a bright red "strawberry" appearance
• Characteristic rash, which:
o Is OK, red and rough, it whitens pressure.
o Appears 12-48 hours after the fever.
o Usually starts on the chest, armpits and behind the ears.
o Parts of the face (although some circumoral pallor is typical).
o Is worse in the folds of the skin, This Pastia that (which happens all the rash in the armpits and groin) and may be gone, even after the rash can be extended to cover the uvula
The rash begins to fade three to four days after onset and desquamation (peeling) begins. "This phase begins with flakes peeling from the face. Peeling from the palms and around the fingers occurs about a week later." Peeling also occurs in axilla, groin, and tips of the fingers and toes
Diagnosis:
The diagnosis of scarlet fever is clinical. Blood tests showed marked leukocytosis with neutrophilia and preserved or increased eosinophils, high sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (both signs of inflammation) and increased antistreptolysin O titers . Blood culture is rarely positive, but the streptococci can usually be detected in throat culture. Complications of scarlet fever, septic complications are due to streptococci in the blood and immune-mediated complications due to an aberrant immune response to propagate. Septic complications are rare today, ear and sinus infections, strep pneumonia, empyema thoracis, meningitis and sepsis, adult, where the condition is called malignant scarlet fever.
Immune complications include acute glomerulonephritis, rheumatic fever and erythema nodosum. Disease or secondary school scarlatinal malignant syndrome of scarlet fever, the fever has renewed, renewed angina, septic complications of ear, nose and throat and kidney infection or rheumatic fever and is seen through the eighteenth day of untreated scarlet fever.
The rash is the most striking sign of scarlet fever. It usually starts like a bad sunburn with tiny bumps and may itch. The rash usually appears first on the neck and face, often leaving a clear zone around the mouth unchanged. It covers the chest and back, then the rest of the body. In the folds of the body, especially around the underarms and elbows, the rash forms classic red streaks (very dark skin, the bands are darker than the rest of the skin). Areas of rash usually turn white (or light brown, dark-skinned, solid lines), when pressed on. On the sixth day of infection, the rash usually disappears, but the affected skin begins to peel. Usually there are other symptoms to confirm the diagnosis of scarlet fever, including a red throat throat, fever greater than or equal to 101 ° F (38.3 C), and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. Scarlet fever may also occur with low-grade fever. The tonsils and back of the throat may be covered with a whitish coating, or appear red, swollen, and dotted with whitish or yellowish pus. In the early stages of infection, the tongue with a whitish or yellowish. Furthermore, an infected person has chills, body aches, nausea, vomiting and anorexia.
When scarlet fever occurs because of a sore throat, fever typically stops within 3 to 5 days and the sore throat goes fast. The rash of scarlet fever usually disappears on the sixth day after sore throat symptoms began, and began to peel (as above). The infection itself is usually cured with a 10-day treatment with antibiotics, but it may take a few weeks for tonsils and swollen glands to return to normality.
In rare cases, scarlet fever from a streptococcal infection of the skin such as impetigo develop. In these cases, the person can not have a sore throat.
Treatment:
In a report latest cnn news reported that Unlike the incidence of diarrhea, treatment and evolution of scarlet fever indistinguishable from those of a sore throat. In the case of penicillin allergy, erythromycin or clindamycin can be used successfully. The patient should no longer take antibiotics for 24 hours infectious. People who were exposed to scarlet fever should be carefully monitored for a week for symptoms, especially when at the age of three young adults. It is very important to test (throat culture) and if positive, looking treatment.A resistant strain of scarlet fever in Hong Kong for at least two deaths in this city - the first of its kind in more a decade. The mutant bacterium is about 60% resistant to antibiotics, said Professor Yuen Kwok-yung, head of the University of Hong Kong Department of Microbiology. This is due to a strain early in the disease, compared showed a 10-30% resistance. This new strain may have spread to neighboring Macao and Mainland China.
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